Musing about units

More Musing About the Interrelationships of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter and Their Clinical Implications

Reasoning about Interference Between Units

If an experimental treatment is experienced by both treated and control group units, tests of hypotheses about causal effects may be difficult to conceptualize let alone execute. In this paper, we show how counterfactual causal models may be written and tested when theories suggest spillover or other network-based interference among experimental units. We show that the “no interference” assumpt...

A (Cybernetic) Musing: Control, Variety and Addiction

In contrast, I have reported, on several occasions, on cases that originate in the cybernetic literature and with the grand old men (yes, I’m afraid, men) of cybernetics, who have discussed systems that are in essence uncontrollable. And there is, in my opinion, a medical predicament that is best dealt with not by controlling it but by giving up all attempts at control—which is the new element ...

A (Cybernetic) Musing: Design and Cybernetics

In 1969, Gordon Pask published a paper that explicitly proposed a vital connection between cybernetics and architecture. “The Architectural Relevance of Cybernetics” (Pask, 1969) was one outcome of an extraordinary series of debates and presentations centred around the theme of limits to science presented at the Architectural Association School of Architecture (AA) in London. The proceedings we...

More About Control Conditions for Transformation Units

A transformation unit is a structuring principle for composing graph transformation systems from small units. One of the basic components of a transformation unit is its control condition which allows to restrict the non-determinism of graph transformation. The concept of transformation units is generic in the sense that each formalism which speciies a binary relation on graphs can be used as a...